mediumNewDatabricksSnowflake

Design an internal LLM gateway for a company: routing across providers and models, caching, fallbacks, and cost controls.

Forty teams calling three providers with a hundred API keys and no idea what it costs is what the gateway exists to end. One endpoint with a model alias layer, routing by policy and health, a cache that is safe only for deterministic calls, fallbacks that degrade rather than fail, budgets per team, and the audit trail.

Updated Sep 2026 · Grounded in real AI infrastructure interview loops and written to a senior-engineer editorial bar, with every number worked and every diagram hand-built.

20 answers per topic instead of 10, plus saved progress and bookmarks · no cardor unlock all 283 remaining answers · ₹2,000 / $25

The concepts behind this question

Ranked by how closely each one overlaps this question's topic, so the first card is the thing to read if the answer above moved too fast.

Advanced

📐 AI Systems Design🔒 Premium

Request Routing and Load Balancing for LLMsA load balancer for stateless web services spreads requests evenly and is done. A router for LLM replicas has two things a web balancer never had to think about: each replica holds a cache (the KV pages of recent prefixes) that makes some replicas far cheaper than others for a given request, and each request costs a wildly different amount, so counting connections is meaningless. This page builds the router that handles both: prefix-aware placement with load-aware fallback, cost-aware queue estimates, session affinity, and the failure handling when a replica restarts and its cache is gone.

Foundational

📐 AI Systems Design

Inference Platform ArchitectureAn LLM inference platform is the layer between a product's API call and a GPU running a serving engine, and every design round starts from its reference shape: a gateway that authenticates and rate-limits, a router that picks a replica with the right model and a warm cache, a per-replica scheduler that batches, engines that run prefill and decode, a KV cache tier, an autoscaler, and the observability that makes it operable. This page draws that shape, sizes each box for a concrete workload, and walks the derivation from user demand to replica count that every design answer has to contain.

Foundational

📐 AI Systems Design

Multi-Region Serving and FailoverRunning inference in more than one region buys latency for distant users and survival when a region fails, and it costs a second fleet that must be capable of absorbing the first one's traffic. The design turns on three decisions: whether regions are active-active or active-passive, what state has to cross regions and what deliberately does not, and how much headroom each region carries so a failover does not simply move the outage.

Core

🩺 Fleet Reliability & ObservabilitySign in

DCGM and GPU TelemetryNVIDIA's Data Center GPU Manager reads a GPU's counters, runs its diagnostics and exports both to the monitoring stack, and nearly every fleet's dashboards and alerts are built on it. The skill is knowing which of its hundreds of fields carry signal: the profiling metrics that say whether the tensor cores are busy (not the utilization number everyone reads first), the error counters that predict a failure, the throttle reasons that explain a slow step, and the diagnostic levels that decide whether a node returns to the pool. This page walks those fields, derives an MFU estimate from them, and gives a fleet's alert thresholds.

Explore the full curriculum →

UP NEXT ON YOUR JOURNEY

Next in this trackDesign inference for a 1T-parameter mixture-of-experts model: expert parallelism on an NVL72 rack, the attention cache, balance.Next in this trackDesign a training cluster for a one-trillion-parameter MoE. Size it, choose the parallel layout, and map it onto the fabric.Closest to this topicImplement retry with exponential backoff and jitter. Why is the jitter the part that matters, and what must never be retried?

FEDITOR'S NOTE

Scored on the alias layer that decouples callers from providers, on fallback chains with health-based routing and their latency cost, on knowing when a response cache is safe, and on per-team budgets and an audit log as the actual product.

DISCUSSION · 0

No comments yet — be the first to share your approach.